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nxdumptool/include/core/bktr.h

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/*
* bktr.h
*
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020, SciresM.
* Copyright (c) 2020-2024, DarkMatterCore <pabloacurielz@gmail.com>.
*
* This file is part of nxdumptool (https://github.com/DarkMatterCore/nxdumptool).
*
* nxdumptool is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* nxdumptool is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef __BKTR_H__
#define __BKTR_H__
#include "nca.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define BKTR_NODE_HEADER_SIZE 0x10
#define BKTR_NODE_SIZE 0x4000 /* Currently shared by all Bucket Tree storage types. */
#define BKTR_NODE_SIZE_MIN 0x400
#define BKTR_NODE_SIZE_MAX 0x80000
#define BKTR_INDIRECT_ENTRY_SIZE 0x14
#define BKTR_AES_CTR_EX_ENTRY_SIZE 0x10
#define BKTR_COMPRESSED_ENTRY_SIZE 0x18
#define BKTR_COMPRESSION_PHYS_ALIGNMENT 0x10
#define BKTR_COMPRESSION_LEVEL_MIN 0
#define BKTR_COMPRESSION_LEVEL_MAX 16
#define BKTR_COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT BKTR_COMPRESSION_LEVEL_MIN
#define BKTR_COMPRESSION_INVALID_PHYS_SIZE UINT32_MAX
#define BKTR_MAX_SUBSTORAGE_COUNT 2
/// Used as the header for both BucketTreeOffsetNode and BucketTreeEntryNode.
typedef struct {
u32 index; ///< BucketTreeOffsetNode / BucketTreeEntryNode index.
u32 count; ///< BucketTreeOffsetNode: BucketTreeEntryNode count. BucketTreeEntryNode: entry count.
u64 offset; ///< Usually represents a physical or virtual size.
} BucketTreeNodeHeader;
NXDT_ASSERT(BucketTreeNodeHeader, BKTR_NODE_HEADER_SIZE);
/// First segment of every BucketTreeTable.
typedef struct {
BucketTreeNodeHeader header;
u64 offsets[0x7FE]; ///< May represent virtual or physical offsets, depending on the storage type.
} BucketTreeOffsetNode;
NXDT_ASSERT(BucketTreeOffsetNode, BKTR_NODE_SIZE);
/// IndirectStorage-related elements.
typedef enum {
BucketTreeIndirectStorageIndex_Original = 0,
BucketTreeIndirectStorageIndex_Patch = 1,
BucketTreeIndirectStorageIndex_Count = 2 ///< Total values supported by this enum.
} BucketTreeIndirectStorageIndex;
#pragma pack(push, 1)
typedef struct {
u64 virtual_offset;
u64 physical_offset;
u32 storage_index; ///< BucketTreeIndirectStorageIndex.
} BucketTreeIndirectStorageEntry;
#pragma pack(pop)
NXDT_ASSERT(BucketTreeIndirectStorageEntry, BKTR_INDIRECT_ENTRY_SIZE);
/// AesCtrExStorage-related elements.
typedef enum {
BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEncryption_Enabled = 0,
BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEncryption_Disabled = 1,
BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEncryption_Count = 2 ///< Total values supported by this enum.
} BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEncryption;
typedef struct {
u64 offset;
u8 encryption; ///< BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEncryption.
u8 reserved[0x3];
u32 generation;
} BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEntry;
NXDT_ASSERT(BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEntry, BKTR_AES_CTR_EX_ENTRY_SIZE);
/// CompressedStorage-related elements.
typedef enum {
BucketTreeCompressedStorageCompressionType_None = 0,
BucketTreeCompressedStorageCompressionType_Zero = 1,
BucketTreeCompressedStorageCompressionType_2 = 2,
BucketTreeCompressedStorageCompressionType_LZ4 = 3,
BucketTreeCompressedStorageCompressionType_Count = 4 ///< Total values supported by this enum.
} BucketTreeCompressedStorageCompressionType;
typedef struct {
s64 virtual_offset;
s64 physical_offset; ///< Must be aligned to BKTR_COMPRESSION_PHYS_ALIGNMENT.
u8 compression_type; ///< BucketTreeCompressedStorageCompressionType.
s8 compression_level; ///< Must be within the range [BKTR_COMPRESSION_LEVEL_MIN, BKTR_COMPRESSION_LEVEL_MAX].
u8 reserved[0x2];
u32 physical_size; ///< Compressed data size.
} BucketTreeCompressedStorageEntry;
NXDT_ASSERT(BucketTreeCompressedStorageEntry, BKTR_COMPRESSED_ENTRY_SIZE);
/// Second segment of every BucketTreeTable. At least one entry node must be available.
typedef struct {
BucketTreeNodeHeader header;
union {
struct {
BucketTreeIndirectStorageEntry indirect_entries[0x332];
u8 reserved[0x8];
};
BucketTreeAesCtrExStorageEntry aes_ctr_ex_entries[0x3FF];
BucketTreeCompressedStorageEntry compressed_entries[0x2AA];
};
} BucketTreeEntryNode;
NXDT_ASSERT(BucketTreeEntryNode, BKTR_NODE_SIZE);
typedef struct {
BucketTreeOffsetNode offset_node;
BucketTreeEntryNode entry_nodes[]; ///< Number of nodes can be retrieved from offset_node.header.count.
} BucketTreeTable;
NXDT_ASSERT(BucketTreeTable, BKTR_NODE_SIZE);
typedef enum {
BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect = 0, ///< Uses two substorages: index 0 (points to the base NCA) and index 1 (AesCtrEx storage).
///< All reads within storage index 0 use the calculated physical offsets for data decryption.
BucketTreeStorageType_AesCtrEx = 1, ///< Used as storage index 1 for BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect.
BucketTreeStorageType_Compressed = 2, ///< Uses LZ4-compressed sections. If available, this is always the outmost storage type for any NCA. May be used by all title types.
BucketTreeStorageType_Sparse = 3, ///< BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect with a twist. Storage index 0 points to the same NCA, and uses virtual offsets for data decryption.
///< Zero-filled output is used for any reads within storage index 1.
BucketTreeStorageType_Count = 4 ///< Total values supported by this enum.
} BucketTreeStorageType;
typedef enum {
BucketTreeSubStorageType_Regular = 0, ///< Body storage with None, XTS or CTR crypto. Most common substorage type, used in all title types.
///< May be used as substorage for all other BucketTreeStorage types.
BucketTreeSubStorageType_Indirect = 1, ///< Indirect storage. Only used in patches. May be used as substorage for BucketTreeStorageType_Compressed only.
BucketTreeSubStorageType_AesCtrEx = 2, ///< AesCtrEx storage. Only used in patches. Must be used as substorage #1 for BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect.
BucketTreeSubStorageType_Sparse = 3, ///< Sparse storage with CTR crypto, using virtual offsets as lower CTR IVs. Only used in base applications.
///< May be used as substorage for BucketTreeStorageType_Compressed or BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect (#0).
BucketTreeSubStorageType_Count = 4 ///< Total values supported by this enum.
} BucketTreeSubStorageType;
// Forward declaration for BucketTreeSubStorage.
typedef struct _BucketTreeContext BucketTreeContext;
typedef struct {
u8 index; ///< Substorage index.
NcaFsSectionContext *nca_fs_ctx; ///< NCA FS section context. Used to perform operations on the target NCA.
u8 type; ///< BucketTreeSubStorageType.
BucketTreeContext *bktr_ctx; ///< BucketTreeContext related to this storage. Only used if type > BucketTreeSubStorageType_Regular.
} BucketTreeSubStorage;
struct _BucketTreeContext {
NcaFsSectionContext *nca_fs_ctx; ///< NCA FS section context. Used to perform operations on the target NCA.
u8 storage_type; ///< BucketTreeStorageType.
BucketTreeTable *storage_table; ///< Pointer to the dynamically allocated Bucket Tree Table for this storage.
u64 node_size; ///< Node size for this type of Bucket Tree storage.
u64 entry_size; ///< Size of each individual entry within BucketTreeEntryNode.
u32 offset_count; ///< Number of offsets available within each BucketTreeOffsetNode for this storage.
u32 entry_set_count; ///< Number of BucketTreeEntryNode elements available in this storage.
u64 node_storage_size; ///< Offset node segment size within 'storage_table'.
u64 entry_storage_size; ///< Entry node segment size within 'storage_table'.
u64 start_offset; ///< Virtual storage start offset.
u64 end_offset; ///< Virtual storage end offset.
BucketTreeSubStorage substorages[BKTR_MAX_SUBSTORAGE_COUNT]; ///< Substorages required for this BucketTree storage. May be set after initializing this context.
};
/// Initializes a Bucket Tree context using the provided NCA FS section context and a storage type.
/// 'storage_type' may only be BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect, BucketTreeStorageType_AesCtrEx or BucketTreeStorageType_Sparse.
bool bktrInitializeContext(BucketTreeContext *out, NcaFsSectionContext *nca_fs_ctx, u8 storage_type);
/// Initializes a Bucket Tree context with type BucketTreeStorageType_Compressed using the provided BucketTreeSubStorage.
bool bktrInitializeCompressedStorageContext(BucketTreeContext *out, BucketTreeSubStorage *substorage);
/// Sets a BucketTreeSubStorageType_Regular substorage at index 0 in the provided BucketTreeContext.
/// The storage type from the provided BucketTreeContext may only be BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect, BucketTreeStorageType_AesCtrEx or BucketTreeStorageType_Sparse.
bool bktrSetRegularSubStorage(BucketTreeContext *ctx, NcaFsSectionContext *nca_fs_ctx);
/// Sets a BucketTreeSubStorage at the provided index within the parent BucketTreeContext using a previously initialized child BucketTreeContext.
/// The storage type from the provided parent BucketTreeContext may only be BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect.
/// The storage type from the provided child BucketTreeContext may only be BucketTreeStorageType_AesCtrEx (#1) or BucketTreeStorageType_Sparse (#0).
bool bktrSetBucketTreeSubStorage(BucketTreeContext *parent_ctx, BucketTreeContext *child_ctx, u8 substorage_index);
/// Reads data from a Bucket Tree storage using a previously initialized BucketTreeContext.
bool bktrReadStorage(BucketTreeContext *ctx, void *out, u64 read_size, u64 offset);
/// Checks if the provided block extents are within the provided BucketTreeContext's Indirect Storage.
/// The storage type from the provided BucketTreeContext may only be BucketTreeStorageType_Indirect or BucketTreeStorageType_Compressed (with an underlying Indirect substorage).
bool bktrIsBlockWithinIndirectStorageRange(BucketTreeContext *ctx, u64 offset, u64 size, bool *out);
/// Helper inline functions.
NX_INLINE void bktrFreeContext(BucketTreeContext *ctx)
{
if (!ctx) return;
if (ctx->storage_table) free(ctx->storage_table);
memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(BucketTreeContext));
}
NX_INLINE bool bktrIsValidContext(BucketTreeContext *ctx)
{
return (ctx && ctx->nca_fs_ctx && ctx->storage_type < BucketTreeStorageType_Count && ctx->storage_table && ctx->node_size && ctx->entry_size && ctx->offset_count && \
ctx->entry_set_count && ctx->node_storage_size && ctx->entry_storage_size && ctx->end_offset > ctx->start_offset);
}
NX_INLINE bool bktrIsOffsetWithinStorageRange(BucketTreeContext *ctx, u64 offset)
{
return (bktrIsValidContext(ctx) && ctx->start_offset <= offset && offset < ctx->end_offset);
}
NX_INLINE bool bktrIsBlockWithinStorageRange(BucketTreeContext *ctx, u64 size, u64 offset)
{
return (bktrIsValidContext(ctx) && size > 0 && ctx->start_offset <= offset && size <= (ctx->end_offset - offset));
}
NX_INLINE bool bktrIsValidSubStorage(BucketTreeSubStorage *substorage)
{
return (substorage && substorage->index < BKTR_MAX_SUBSTORAGE_COUNT && substorage->nca_fs_ctx && substorage->type < BucketTreeSubStorageType_Count && \
((substorage->type == BucketTreeSubStorageType_Regular && substorage->index == 0 && !substorage->bktr_ctx) || \
(substorage->type > BucketTreeSubStorageType_Regular && substorage->bktr_ctx && substorage->bktr_ctx->nca_fs_ctx == substorage->nca_fs_ctx)));
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* __BKTR_H__ */
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